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                <text>Edith Wharton, 1905</text>
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                <text>www.edithwharton.org</text>
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                <text>Jean Lee Cole</text>
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                <text>Edith Wharton at The Mount, her Lenox, MA estate. 1905.</text>
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                <text>Photograph of George Boldt, New York hotelier, likely the model for Stephen Millhauser's character Martin Dressler.</text>
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                <text>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/George_Charles_Boldt%2C_Sr._%281851-1916%29_portrait.jpg/220px-George_Charles_Boldt%2C_Sr._%281851-1916%29_portrait.jpg</text>
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                <text>Ad Encouraging Women</text>
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                <text>I found this article while I was looking for sources for my Collections Project and I thought it provided the perfected summary of how women's roles changed in society based on their realization of how their health was being compromised.  This article discusses how they escape the clothing that kept them fro being healthy involved women to wearing looser petticoats and playing significant roles in society.  The future women in this article are praised because they offer educated, and responsible Christian view on different aspects of society, which is why this article makes it seem they are more competent than men. "The woman of the future will have a strong mind and a sound body, and she will be ready to do cheerfully and readily whatever may be asked of her,"  which is ironic because the women are suppose to be free of duties to other people, but they still were expected to do whatever people told them to do.  </text>
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                <text>Physical Training. Maine Farmer, 19 Dec. 1889: 58. Print.&#13;
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                <text>American Periodicals </text>
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                <text>December 15, 2015</text>
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                <text>Taylor Caldwell</text>
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                <text>1844 - 1890s</text>
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                <text>Waldorf-Astoria </text>
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                <text>Martin Dressler was an ambitious young man but was he too ambitious. Was Martin Dressler a good businessman or was his head in the clouds.&#13;
One of largest and most prominent hotels in NYC during the gilded age was the Waldorf-Astoria.&#13;
&#13;
This hotel was a very impressive building for the time and Dressler wanted to make his hotel over twice as impressive. The Waldorf was a 13 stories high with various amenities. Dressler wanted his hotel the Grand Cosmo to be 30 stories with all sorts of gardens and restaurants. In relation to the Waldorf, this is a mammoth task. This demonstrates how Martin was unrealistic in his expectations. To be able to beat out the finest and biggest hotels is a  huge task and Martin was unrealistic in the way that he would do that. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>http://www.waldorfnewyork.com/about-the-waldorf/hotel-history.html</text>
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                <text>Tim Bontempi </text>
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                <text>Saloon in the Slums</text>
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                <text>"The open mouth of a saloon called seductively to passengers to enter and annihilate sorrow or create rage" (Crane, 39).&#13;
&#13;
This photo almost directly correlates with this image because it shows how the poor of the 1890s were controlled by saloons due to alcoholism and it being one of the only things the poor did as amusement. Crane describes how this saloon "seductively" called out to the passengers giving the reader the idea that the saloon acted as a living, important thing in the lives of the poor. It is also interesting to note that it looks as if everyone is annihilating "sorrow" or creating "rage". &#13;
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                <text>Jacob Riis</text>
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                <text>Riis, Jacob. A downtown "morgue" (an unlicensed saloon). "How the other Half Lives." 1890.Photograph.</text>
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                <text>Vincze Miklos</text>
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                <text>Adam Monticollo</text>
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                <text>1890s</text>
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                <text>Lady America Opens the Gates</text>
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                <text>On the cover of this issue of The Jewish Immigrant is depicting Lady Liberty standing in front of the Gates to the United States. She is wearing a cap that has the word “America” written on it in Yiddish. This picture is representative of the mass amounts of Jewish immigrants that came to the United States during the 1890’s through the 1920’s to escape persecution. Lady Liberty is representative of freedom for these Jewish Immigrants. She is also holding a key in her hand which represents that the United States is the key for most of the immigrants seeking freedom and a new life. Below each side of the gate there are two passages in Hebrew. One reads Open the gates of righteousness for me" and the other reads "Open the gates and let a righteous nation enter.” This symbolizes that The United States was the new land for European Jews during this time and that mass amounts of Jewish immigrants thought the same. &#13;
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                <text>The Jewish Immigrant. Vol. 2, no. 1. (January 1909). New York: Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, 1909 Hebraic Section, Library of Congress (54)</text>
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                <text>Edward Regler</text>
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&#13;
I believe that this image that Jacob Riis took directly correlates with this quote because it shows how the slums had a chaotic and out in the open look to it. During the time, the poor were forced to live in over-packed tenements that were huddled together extremely close to each other on the street. Due to this, the poor held little to no privacy during personal affairs allowing for the rest of the people on that street to watch people struggle in amusement. This quote and picture also give off the vibe that because the slums were so overpopulated that the noises were unending and that there was always something dark happening around the corner. Crane uses the words "babies" a lot in this quote to show the reader that this happened to any and all ages because the environment treats all the same.  &#13;
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                <text>The reason "Wistaria is often times used at weddings and as a symbol of marriage is because of the meaning of the word. Like the wistaria clings to buildings, the married couple clings to each other. However, Mrs. Mantsey lost her husband and has no one to cling to. Mrs. Mantsey was married but her husband died seventeen years before the story took place. Knowing this, the sentence, "Soon the wistaria would bloom, then the horse-chestnut; but not for her" is pretty sad. The use of this flower and the previous sentence makes Mrs. Mantsey a much more tragic character. Once a married women,  she now sits alone with no real purpose or someone to care for. Maybe the Wistaria once did bloom for her, but no longer. </text>
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                <text>I came across an interesting document as began to look more into known Jewish people who immigrated to America.  This document in particular happened to belong to none other than Albert Einstein, the founder of the general theory of relativity and its formula E = mc2.  Other than this German-born theoretical physicist discovering one of the two pillars of modern physics, he also was known for his profoundness in philosophical science as well.  The document presented appears to be a holograph essay titled "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper." This first page talks about his beginning ideas for his theory on relativity.  Apparently he decided to rid his opinion on the matter from the publication of Annalen der Physic in 1905.  He then decided to rewrite his paper some years later in November of 1943 so it could given to the Library of Congress and promote to aid the selling of war bonds for the U.S.  &#13;
&#13;
Even though Albert Einstein was of Jewish descent, Einstein was born and raised Germany.  As Adolf Hitler rose to power in 1933, he decided to denounce his German citizenship so he could immigrate to the United States.  He then received a position at Princeton University as the Professor of Theoretical Physics, to which he proceeded to gain his American citizenship after completing a "Declaration of Intention." Einstein further pursuing his scientific endeavors was able to allow him more time and concentration towards finding all the faults with his own theory so it could be exact.</text>
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                <text>Albert Einstein. "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper," November 1943. Holograph essay. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (101)&#13;
&#13;
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/haventohome/haven-century.html#obj26</text>
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                <text>Evan Orfanos</text>
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                <text>After researching more on the topic of mass immigration in America, otherwise known as the "Great Migration," I came across a very unique translation of the United States' Constitution. This translation caught my eye in particular because it was directly translated to both Hebrew and Yiddish.  The translation was written in 1891 by J. D. Eisenstein, who was a Jewish scholar and historian. In the introduction before his translation is presented, Eisenstein discussed how his intention for republishing such an important American document was for the Jewish residents of the lower part of New York City to be Americanized. He also sympathizes with these Jewish people, since he was once in their same position until he became more aware and more involved with this country to start his new life, as he hopes for them.&#13;
&#13;
As Europe and the United States were greatly impacted with the Great Migration since the end of the 19th century, an estimated thirty million immigrants from Europe travelled to the United States.  From Russia and Eastern Europe, about three million of these immigrants were Jewish trying to escape their home countries due to mass poverty and pogroms.  Since citizenship was of the upmost importance in order to for immigrants to become American, a vast amount of Jewish people went about attending English classes during the night to improve their language skills.  This further presents how the Jewish people aimed to strive and be more equipped to live somewhere new so they could adapt to the norms and laws that society had imposed on its citizens.   </text>
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                <text> J. D. Eisenstein</text>
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                <text>יקוח תוצרא תירבה (Constitution of the United States). Hebrew and Yiddish. [New York, 1891]. Hebraic Section, African &amp; Middle Eastern Division, Library of Congress (044.00.00)</text>
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                <text> J. D. Eisenstein</text>
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                <text>Evan Orfanos</text>
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        <name>Abraham Cahan</name>
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                <text>	The magnolia flower appeared before bees did and are theorized to have evolved to encourage pollination by beetles. Mrs. Manstey always loved nature and admired people who shared this love. Magnolias blossom in white, pink, red purple or yellow. The magnolia flower can represent Mrs. Manstey because you can only look at it on the tree and it gives off a strong smell. Mrs. Manstey doesn’t associate herself with people and she doesn’t leave her room often, but people know she is there. A magnolia, once it is finally bloomed, lasts a long time. This idea I can relate to Mrs. Manstey’s happiness. Mrs. Manstey’s husband passed away, she lost touch with her daughter, and she barely saw her friends anymore. She didn’t have anything to really keep her happy. Then she finally realized that she loved the view from her window. She didn’t have it her whole life but it finally came to her after experimenting with things that would make her happy. When her view was going to be taken away from her by the extension, she attempted to destroy it. This led to her getting ill and passing away. This is the idea that when magnolias fall they bruise easily and smell bad. Mrs. Manstey had a downfall because she was so upset by the news of the extension. She was so hurt by this information that she committed a crime to try and fix it. Her setting the extension on fire is like the smell that a magnolia gives off after it is bruised. The image shows magnolia flowers still living on the tree and then also dead petals and flowers that have fallen off the tree. This image can be seen as showing Mrs. Manstey’s life of representing a beautiful magnolia and then representing a bruised magnolia flower after they have fallen. </text>
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                <text>Unknown. Magnolia Tree Guide. N.d. The Tree Center. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.&#13;
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                <text>Erin Donlon </text>
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                <text>This article written by Titus Munson Coan from the February publication of The Galaxy in 1871 is about what was believed to make individuals successful. The article takes a cue from the "theory" of evolution in its explanation of what makes people successful though it then begins to analyse more specific traits. The article states that it is the bold that succeed and that many geniuses owe their success not to intellect but to the fact that they were more enduring than most people. </text>
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                <text>Coan, Titus Munson. "Successful People." &lt;i&gt;Galaxy&lt;/i&gt; Feb. 1871: 219-29. &lt;i&gt;Making of America&lt;/i&gt;. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.</text>
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                <text>Dalton Spatz</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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                <text>Skaters on the Lake in Central Park, circa 1890</text>
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                <text>This image shows people ice skating on the lake in Central Park around 1890. The image is in black and white and shows the Dakota, a famous luxury apartment building in New York City, in the background, surrounded by a wintery landscape. Central Park is one of the most famous sites in New York City. In the image, you are able to tell that the Park was used for people’s enjoyment and was a place of gathering where people could hang out and do as they pleased. &#13;
&#13;
In Mrs. Manstey’s View, the different views of New York City are something that I thought a lot about when reading the short story and what Mrs. Manstey’s exact view was. While she most likely did not have a view of Central Park, I thought it was important to discuss Central Park and recognize it as quite possible the most notable view in the City. Central Park was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, an American landscape architect who was known for designing different Parks all throughout the United States and Canada. Central Park is his most well-known work. &#13;
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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                <text>"Skaters on the Lake in Central Park, circa 1890." Skaters on the Lake in Central Park, circa 1890. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.&#13;
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                <text>nycvintageimages.com</text>
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                <text>15 December 2015</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Emily Nader</text>
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                <text>1890</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>Parental Supervision at the turn of the century</text>
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                <text>At first look, the first thing that came to my head as  I looked at this picture was "Maggie". What this reminded me of Maggie the most was her lonely walks which is speculated to have turned her into the prostitute she became. It also makes me wonder if parenting was not something that wasn't exactly mastered at the time. Considering that these two girls, which seem to be under the age of ten, are walking alone approaching people makes think if these girls are on the same path Maggie was heading towards when she was on her lonely walks. Lastly, it seems that they have past a construction site which again devalues these little girl's parental supervision. </text>
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                <text>Department of Records</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="983">
                <text>Press, Associated. "Never-before-seen Photos from 100 Years Ago Tell Vivid Story of Gritty New York City." Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, 24 Apr. 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2015</text>
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                <text>Daily Mail</text>
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                <text>12/15/15</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="986">
                <text>Carlos Moradel</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>April 24, 2012</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>Migration Adaptation</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Here's a photo that I found more than relevant to the course. What is shown in the photo is a construction site in the Lower East side of New York, and to be more specific, Delancy street. This photo was taking in the late 19th century/early 20th century and what I found interesting about this picture is the advertisement on the store which is translated in Hebrew. In Yekl we read about how the population of Jewish Americans grew rapidly and we could see here that it sure did. This in a way reminds me of New York's famous chinatown today which makes me think if at this it was a section for Jewish migrants just as today have a section for Asian decent migrants. Who knows what it will evolve to next!  </text>
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                <text>Press, Associated. "Never-before-seen Photos from 100 Years Ago Tell Vivid Story of Gritty New York City." Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, 24 Apr. 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2015</text>
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                <text>Carlos Moradel</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>"A Boychik Up-To-Date"</text>
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                <text>Jewish Immigration in America</text>
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                <text>When I came across this particular booklet of sheet music for the common day "boychik," I thought that this was the perfect example of Eastern Jewish immigrants attempting to merge into American culture.  The cover depicts a Jewish boy that is so Americanized that his apparent culture has gone unnoticed.  The boy is described as "a modern fellow, a wise boy, a bluffer. Girls, don't be deceived by him; take care, and beware." The booklet goes on to signify what immigrants may have aspired to be, which was to not be seen as every run-of-the-mill immigrant.  In this time period of 1904, these people wished to be seen with class and has made a success of their self in America.   The booklet's songs are primarily written in Yiddish and go on take critical observance of the boy as the American lifestyle has altered who he used to be.  I felt that there was a strong historical significance towards immigration of Eastern European Jews in America as compared the works of Abraham Cahan's "Yekl" that we had read earlier this semester.</text>
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                <text>David Meyrowitz and Louis Gilrod</text>
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                <text>David Meyrowitz (1867-1943) and Louis Gilrod (1879-1930) A Boychik Up-to-Date [An Up-to-Date Dandy]. New York: Theodore Lohr, n.d. Sheet music cover Hebraic Section, Library of Congress (78)&#13;
Heskes, Irene, Yiddish American Popular Songs, 1895-1950 (General)&#13;
&#13;
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/haventohome/haven-century.html#obj16</text>
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                <text>Library of Congress/Theodore Lohr Co., New York.</text>
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                <text>Evan Orfanos</text>
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        <name>Immigration</name>
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        <name>Jewish</name>
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        <name>Yekl</name>
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