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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>A New Year in Old Manhattan</text>
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                <text>A short description of New Years in the 1890's and comparing it to what it used to be. </text>
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                <text>The article I have chosen describes the difference between New Year’s Day when New York City was first established to New Year’s Day in the 1890’s. The title of the article is The New Year in Old Manhattan. The audience for this article would be anyone who enjoys to read short stories or opinion due to the fact that this is essentially the author’s opinion of life in New York City. I think after reading this article I can say that he or she is really not too fond of what New York City is becoming. You can tell that the author misses the more simplistic times of New York City even though he or she would not have be born. You can also tell the author loves New York City through the thought and research that is behind this article. I think this article is very interesting because it does not tell us what life is like in New York City during the 1890’s except for the last paragraph. Instead it tells us what life in New York City is not or how it has changed. The point of this article is to tell us that the friendliness that used to fill the streets in New York is no more. That the evolution of the city has made the inhabitants more private and recluse. The author goes on to tell us how friendly and interactive the citizens of New York used to be. The author describes the festivities that took place on New Year’s Day and how it would bring people together through parties and just the overall kindness and friendlessness of New Yorkers. However the author says that the hospitality and overall friendliness of New York citizens is nonexistent by saying ‘but the old-time friendliness shall be known in Manhattan no more.” The author also state “As New York has grown…the quaint Dutch characteristics with which it began, the simple hearted primitive neighborliness has naturally vanished.” To me, this relates to our entire English class as a whole. We study the natural growth and evolution of the city and this article is describing one of the effects of this growth. &#13;
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                <text>"A New Year in Old Manhattan." Collier’s Weekly [New York City] 1899, Vol. 23, No. 13: 16-17. Print.</text>
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                <text>1899</text>
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                <text>Edward Regler</text>
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                <text>Unknown Author</text>
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        <name>Realism</name>
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        <name>Social Problems</name>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>The Capture of Vigan</text>
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                <text>The image “The Capture of Vigan” depicts American sailors and soldiers coming ashore in the Phillipines during the conflict there, which lasted from 1899-1902. The caption of the image reads “Jackies from the battleship ‘Oregon’ and the gunboats ‘Callao’ and ‘Samar’ storming the Filipino town of Vigan on the Northwestern coast of Luzon, November 26. The Naval expedition was dispatched from Manilla to assist in the capture of Aguinaldo and to rescue Lieutenant Gilmore and  boat’s crew of the ‘Yorktown’, captured by insurgents near Baler, Luzon, April 12”. “Jackie” was a nickname for American sailors based on their signature jacket of the time. This image is almost propaganda like in nature, as it depicts strong looking man bravely landing in the Philippines. This image served a dual purpose. On one hand, it was informing the American public of the progress of the war in the Philippines, and on the other, it painted the Americans fighting there as “heroic” and “brave”, and seemed to validate the American presence there, as it explains that they sailors were dispatched to help rescue their fellow Americans from insurgents. This image gives us insight into the political atmosphere of the 1890s, and a window into the political issues that would have been in the forefront of the minds of many of the characters of the novels of this time period. </text>
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                <text>Unknwon illustrator</text>
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                <text>Collier's Weekly, Vol Twenty-Four No 13, New York December 30, 1899</text>
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                <text>Collier's Weekly, New York</text>
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                <text>December 30, 1899</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>The image is accompanied by an article talks about the technology that the United States had started to implement in their battleships. The article was written by “An Officer In The Service”, but it is clear that the writer has an in depth background in the history of the US Navy. I am not surprised that the writer chose to stay anonymous considering the numerous Pacific campaigns that were taking place. In the late 1890s and early 1900s, the US was actively involved in few different conflicts. The article that goes along with the image also seems to be hinting at the growth of the US as a major military power and that the US is starting to hold its own internationally. The civil war marked the first use of iron-armored ships in the US, and less that 40 years later, the US fleet is comprised of almost entirely steel ships. Rather than the ships of the past, these warships were built with the single purpose of engaging enemy targets. That combined with engines means that the speed of naval warfare has also significantly increased. As shown in the image, there is a stark contrast between the older ships on the left and the newer ones on the right. Not only is the Navy developing a larger fleet, but they are working to stay on the technical front of warfare. </text>
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                <text>"A Hundred Years of the American Navy" Collier's Weekly Journal of Art, Literature, and Current Events 24.14 (6 January 1900) Print.</text>
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                <text>Collier's Weekly</text>
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                <text>January 6 1900</text>
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                <text>A Hundred Years of the American Navy</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>The Ladies' World Magazine, July 1900</text>
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                <text>"Out of Doors" article, page 10-The Ladies' World</text>
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                <text>The most interesting item in my issue of The Ladies’ World Magazine was definitely the “Out Of Doors”(p.10) section. There are five images on this page, but contrary to most of the other images in the magazine, and all of the images in the Harper’s Weekly Issue I looked over, these were photographed images. The concept was still new, especially in mass print. How The Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis was published in 1890 when photography was essentially brand new. Just a decade after, these images from Boston, Massachusetts were in a NY magazine for everyone to see. “Out of Doors” was conducted by a woman named Mary Sargent Hopkins, and is full of suggestions for reasonably cheap vacations on the seashore. &#13;
		The five images are full of different destinations to experience during a ten-day vacation at the shore. This obviously supports my comment earlier that this magazine is targeted toward the upper class. The entire page is filled with a letter from a woman named Elise, who is writing to her cousin May, to tell her about how unbelievable her trip to the shore was. Elise talks about how affordable the trip was, saying all expenses total, cost less than a dollar a day per person. She speaks about the shopping that was done, and how she bought different clothes and bathing suits. Most of the letter consisted of Elise’s description of the places she went to on her trip. Some of the places that stood out enough to get photographed were The Grave of Miles Standish, a military officer that sailed to America on The Mayflower, The Standish House, and The Miles Standish Monument. The article was very interesting, and I enjoyed learning about Miles Standish.&#13;
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                <text>Mary Sargent Hopkins-S.H.Moore &amp; Co., New York</text>
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                <text>July, 1900</text>
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                <text>Jason Crane</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>Puerto Rico's First American Election</text>
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                <text>The item I am going to describe is “Puerto Rico’s First American Election”, written by Edwin Emerson, JR. (Emerson, 7). In this section, Puerto Rico hosts its first American Election between the Republicans and the Federals in which thousands of voters showed up. This was interesting because both parties had almost exactly the same views and connections in Washington DC, which turned it into a meaningless competition. The audience that this section reached out to was Americans interested in foreign election affairs, or foreign politics that directly affected the United States and were conducted in the same way as well. One thing that I can ascertain about the author is that he has written about Spanish-speaking people before and that he has lived there for quite sometime. In the section Emerson states, “ Puerto Rico has always been a hotbed of politics. For those who have not lived among Spanish-speaking people it is difficult to realize to what depths personal political enmity can go”  (7).  This statement makes it obvious to the reader that Emerson has had some past experience with the Spanish-speaking people as well as an understanding of some of their culture. This item is interesting because it discusses one of the first American elections that was not actually held in America. It is also very interesting because the author attempts to connect it with things Americans will understand such as when Emerson states, “ there is no more essential difference between them than between the County Democracy of New York and Tammany Hall” (7). Emerson’s connections help to convey how elections in New York aren’t all that different then elections in Puerto Rico. </text>
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                <text>Edwin Emerson, Jr.</text>
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                <text>Emerson, Edwin, JR. "Puerto Rico's First American Election" Collier's Weekly Journal of Art, Literature, and Current Events 24.14 (6 January 1900) Print.</text>
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                <text>January 6, 1900</text>
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                <text>Walter's Park Sanitarium</text>
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                <text>Walter’s Park Sanitarium advertisement was a promotion for a health resort in the mountains of Pennsylvania that provided a natural healing solution to illnesses. This ad targeted people living with diseases in the city since it said in bold: “Country Life with City Comforts”. Walter’s Park Sanitarium was created by Robert Walter, a doctor who himself suffered with a heart disease for 60 years of his life. Struggling to find a comfortable solution to his illness, Dr. Walter created his own treatment that included fresh water, pure air, salt rubs, sulphor baths, massages, electricity applications, exercise, and other natural remedies. In the late 1800s, there was minimal knowledge about medicine, and Sanitariums were one experiment that sounded appealing to people experiencing discomfort. Dr. Walter also prided himself on having the newest technological innovations in his facilities such as elevators, steam heat, electric light and bells, long distance telephones and a post office (Maccallum). &#13;
This item was interesting to me because it revealed how progressive cities like New York were in the 1890s, but also how people were attracted to this old and new combination of country life and city comforts. Dr. Walter’s use of city comforts implied that city dwellers had grown accustomed to the advanced amenities that came with living in the center of commerce and innovation. They looked for the newest complexities, however, they didn’t want to venture too far from tradition. The 1890s were part of the progressive era, a time of growth and wealth and it was a challenge for businesses to change exactly as much as people wanted them to. Dr. Walter successfully merged the old and new in his ad by promoting the Sanitarium through appeal to the nostalgia of the country life with the addition of the newest technologies in his facilities. This technique exactly depicted what Martin from Martin Dressler did as an American Entrepreneur in the 1890s. Martin knew how to combine the perfect amount of tradition and newness in his unique business creations. Contrasting the Walter Park Sanitarium, Martin brought natural elements inside his city hotels, but Martin and Dr. Walter both captured the appeal of the original natural environment combined with man made comforts.&#13;
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                <text>Maccallum, Malcolm J. "South Mountain Resorts - Berks History Center." Berks History Center. &#13;
Web. 23 Oct. 2015. &lt;http://www.berkshistory.org/multimedia/articles/south-mountain-resorts/&gt;.&#13;
&#13;
Walter’s Park Sanatorium. Advertisement. McClures Magazine for July. July 1898: 59 of Ads. Print.&#13;
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                <text>Theresa Patti</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>The item chosen to be analyzed was an advertisement from the magazine for “flexibone moulded corsets”. This advertisement features a women wearing a corset, and a sentence that reads “Never lose their shape” when listing information about the corset. The audience for this advertisement is women. The creator of this advertisement and the company are looking to fulfill the need for a corset that doesn’t lose their shape, but is also trying to appeal to their audience with the “flexibone” title because women would be more inclined to buy a corset that was the most comfortable for them to wear. &#13;
	What was interesting about this advertisement was the price. Not knowing how much a corset cost, $1.50 seems very cheap. It was not surprising to find this advertisement in this magazine because it was a magazine for women, but it is obvious this advertisement would not be found in a magazine that was for men as well because women wore corsets to enhance their bodies, but a corset was not something that people would talk about in daily conversation. Most of the stories we read were about women, and they most likely wore corsets, although only for special occasions.</text>
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                <text>Coronet Corset Co.</text>
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                <text>Flexibone Moulded Corsets. Ladies’ Home Journal Aug. 1897: 19. Print.&#13;
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                <text>Emily Nader</text>
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                <text>"Give the Man a Chance," The Ladies' World, 1900.</text>
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                <text>This article, from the Household Topics section of the May 1900 issue of The Ladies' World, argues that the man of the household should contribute to making the house a happy home, as opposed to only expecting the wife to put on a happy face at all times of the day. This piece points out the one-sided standard that men are allowed to be grumpy, tired, and “cross as two sticks,” but wives are expected to constantly provide calmness, comfort, and gratification for the man's hard work, although they have been busy themselves with the children and the housework. "Give the Man a Chance" portrays the unfair standard for women, along with the heightened awareness of social issues during the 1890s.</text>
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                <text>Hopkins, Mary Sargent. "Give the Man a Chance." The Ladies' World May 1990: 18. Print.</text>
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                <text>Shannon Ferrara</text>
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                <text>1890-1990</text>
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                <text>The item I chose is an advertisement that highlights a remedy used to cure alcoholism. Women are the main audience of the advertisement but are not the intended users of the drug. Instead, it is suggested that women sneak the drug into the drinks and food of the alcoholic they are trying to cure with their consent. The author of the advertisement and creator of the drug is a man named Dr. J. W. Haines, located in Cincinnati, who is happy to send you a trial package of the drug for no cost at all. Finding more information on Dr. J. W. Haines was a tough feat considering there are, surprisingly, many present-day doctors of the same name who are much more credible. However, I was able to find some interesting facts on the doctor (whether or not they are reliable is up to interpretation but I thought I would include them because they are funny nonetheless). Dr. Haines had far too long of a run and it wasn’t until 1917 that the American Medical Association decided that what he was advertising probably was not good. They denounced his remedy after further analysis found that the substance contained milk sugar, starch, capsicum and a tiny bit of ipecac. Ipecac is a drug used to induce vomiting. So, in theory, Dr. Haines was attempting to associate drinking alcohol with vomiting to, therefore, stop the bad habit. However, there was not enough ipecac in the substance to differentiate between the vomiting that regularly occurs when one has had too much to drink and the vomiting that the drug was supposed to induce. What I found most interesting about the advertisement was that it was not aimed at the alcoholics themselves, but rather their family members. The substance was completely odor-free and tasteless so anyone could sneak it into the drunkard’s coffee or tea without the user knowing. The advertisement specifically says, “The drunkard is reclaimed even against his will and without his knowledge or cooperation.” There is something about this line that makes my stomach lurch. It is well known today that you cannot just force any person to do something they do not want to do. Even in cases of rehab, unless it is court ordered, anybody can check themselves out if they so desire. This advertisement relates to the works we have read in class because it shows how alcoholism was a rising problem during the 1890s. As shown in Maggie: Girl of the Streets, alcoholism plagued and destroyed lives, especially in lower class areas. At the end of the advertisement it harshly says, “Everything needed to aid you in saving those near and dear to you from a life of degradation and ultimate poverty and disgrace.” Maggie’s family experienced poverty and violence because of her mother’s alcoholism.</text>
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                <text>“Cures Drunkenness Free.” Collier’s Weekly. 23 Dec. 1899: Page 19. Print.</text>
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                <text>Collier's Weekly</text>
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                <text>Jessa Laspesa</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The War in South Africa</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Second Boer War Build-up</text>
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                <text>On page three of Colliers Weekly, there is a war dispatch from the correspondent with the British army, Julian Ralph, the story also includes a large illustration.  The correspondent tells of a large military city rising up and growing larger every day. This military camp is apparently the staging point for the main offensive, while forays are going on across the war zone. Buildings and corrals are latterly being described as built in twenty four hours, and the camp is expanding exponentially. The camp is literally changing the landscape, as the soldiers “attack the grassy veldt,” a term for the South African landscape.  He also speaks of the great expense the British crown is spending on supplies and the camp itself, according to a officer, “The old lady is sparing no expense […] referring to the queen.” The dispatch is avoid of detail about the war plans or framework, or any specific numbers of soldiers. The author apologies for this as he is not allowed to give details for security purposes, much like modern day war correspondents. Julian even states that the gag rule is so strict, that if this dispatch were to be sent by cable, it would be refused and censored, as “it might be as speedily sent back again.” Our author, Julian Ralph, does not entirely explain the reason for the war, but does tell how the enemy is so great. The Boers are decedents of the Dutch settlers, and all Dutch in South Africa share the “Afrikaner Bond.” Above this dispatch is a large illustration by Max F. Klepper depicting The Night Before The Battle. The illustration is painted, possibly even with a heavily-pigmented watercolor, which would explain the wispy qualities of the image. Some of the soldiers laugh and drink, while others, most notably the youth to the left stare in sorrow, representing the losses and deaths of war. </text>
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                <text>Julian Ralph</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="398">
                <text>Colliers Weekly</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Peter Fenelon Collier</text>
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                <text>December 23, 1899</text>
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                <text>Benjamin Hansberger</text>
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                <text>Journal</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Foreign News</text>
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        <name>Africa</name>
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        <name>imperialism</name>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Hood's Sarsaparilla Pills Ad</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This item is an advertisement for Hood’s Sarsaparilla pills which treat “all liver ills”, jaundice, sick headache, biliousness, sour stomach, and nausea.  In the advertisements a woman, Amanda Paisley, tells in depth, of her grotesque experience with eczema and scrofula sores and how Hood’s Sarsaparilla cured her.  This advertisement is speaking to women as women primarily will buy medicine for their families.  Also, because women during this time period were very conscious of their looks and therefore would not tolerate having sores covering their faces or discharge coming from their ears.  This would be considered un-ladylike and therefore women would need a treatment to cure this and allow them to return to normal, just as Amanda Paisley did.  This idea is also shown in the illustrations of Amanda Paisley who is not shown to be very attractive.  Women would therefore see this and purchase Hood’s pills to avoid having sores on their faces like Amanda.  Hood’s Sarsaparilla pills do not seem very legitimate.  It claims to cure many diseases which are not related.  Also, instead of using medical evidence, it uses a story of a woman to promote its product.  This could be because Hood’s medicine is aware that exploitation of another woman’s looks will sell more pills than real evidence.  This is similar to the Quentins as they exploited other’s to sell their product.  Mrs. Quentin shows the extent of the family’s newspaper exploitations as she says, “the paper had stripped bare some family scandal-…that a dozen unhappy people had been struggling to keep out of print…”(“The Quicksand” 155).  This shows that the Quentin family newspaper exploited others and printed scandalous stories in order to make an income.  They used embarrassing and disreputable stories of others to benefit themselves and to sell their item, similarly to Hood’s pills. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="388">
                <text>Hood's Sarsaparilla Pills</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="389">
                <text>Hood’s Sarsaparilla Pills. Advertisement. The Ladies’ World. August 1892: 3. Print.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="390">
                <text>The Ladies' World; August 1892</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="391">
                <text>November 2, 2015</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="392">
                <text>Laura Watters</text>
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                <text>1890's</text>
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        <name>1890s</name>
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        <name>Advertisement</name>
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        <name>Ladies' World</name>
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        <name>medicine</name>
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      <tag tagId="19">
        <name>technology &amp; science</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="51">
        <name>Wharton, Edith</name>
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        <name>women</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="4">
                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Troops Entering Ponce</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Porto Rican Campaign is an article about the successes of the military campaign in Puerto Rico. The item I chose is a drawing of a photograph of U.S. troops entering Ponce. The photograph was taken by the author of the article. The article was written by Richard Harding Davis who was a prominent magazine journalist at the time. He is known for his work in the Spanish-American War, WWI and for promoting the political career of Theodore Roosevelt. This is important because he was known for his journalism on war. The image shows a sense of US nationalism due to the pomp and circumstance that is the invasion of a Puerto Rican city. The US Army was met with little resistance and the image shows them parading through the streets with American flags held high. The image embodies the article it is in. Instead of talking too much about the losers of the fight or the politics behind the fight, it focuses much on the pageantry of the Army. This shows how many New Yorkers had strong national pride and enjoyed seeing their nation celebrate their power.  On the stores in the city, signs are hanging which read “English Spoken Here”. This is a sign that perhaps even the Puerto Rican people wanted the U.S. to invade. This justifies the actions of the U.S. Army and further shows the idea of nationalism. Another example of this is the women in the balconies looking down on the parade of troops, signifying the acceptance of U.S. intervention.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="381">
                <text>Richard Harding Davis</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382">
                <text>November 1898 issue of Scribner’s Magazine (Vol. XXIV)</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="383">
                <text>Scribner's Magazine </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="384">
                <text>11/2/15</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="385">
                <text>Tim Bontempi </text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>"The Klondike Gold Fields" Collier's Weekly, December 1899</text>
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                <text>Canadian Gold Exploration</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>“The Klondike Gold Fields” by Tappan Adney presented information about gold exploration in the Yukon region of northwestern Canada near Alaska which appealed to national and international audiences.  Adney was a renowned author and illustrator of naturalist phenomenon, Native people’s culture, and outdoor events.  He reported that the initial 1882 discovery of surface gold was “as fine as cornmeal, and was secured from the bars, or low bands of the rivers, by means of a rocker—sort of box-like cradle, with perforated metal top and a blanket set inside at an angle” (Adney 6).  The fine gold was placed in a bucket with quicksilver and the produced amalgam was panned at the river’s edge to eliminate dirt and heated to remove quicksilver, “leaving a lump of fine gold” (Adney 6).  This procedure changed by 1886 with the discovery of coarse gold, leading to the abandoning of mining for fine gold in favor of using 12’x1’ sluice boxes over the ground to be worked.  The severe cold of the region made mining difficult and some miners burned the ground to thaw it enough for digging.  After this “drifting” process “the dirt obtained was hoisted out by . . . a crude log windlass” (Adney 7) and set aside until spring thawing.  The technical diction used would appeal to more scientific-minded audiences and serve an educational purpose for the less scientific and average reader.&#13;
	Adney offered a vibrant glimpse into the social life of the Klondike gold fields by using &#13;
plain and lively diction to attract the interest of the average reader.  According to Adney, the social life of the mining camp revolved around the saloon “where whiskey and cigars are sold at half a dollar each; but there [are] . . .  . elaborate gambling layouts, and perhaps a theater and dance hall” (Adney 7).  Plays were vaudeville with skits about local figures or events.  Admission to the gambling and theater areas of the building was the price of a drink or cigar and following the play was “the grand dance” (Adney 7) where “the dancers were the feminine contingent of the show” (Adney 7) who earned $150 per week plus a twenty-five cent commission for each dance they provided to a miner.  The hall “was filled with elbowing crowds of miners, brokers, officials of government, and every condition of man that composes a camp upward of twenty thousand souls” (Adney 7).  Clearly, the entrepreneurial spirit present in the mining endeavor resembled Martin Dressler’s drive to succeed and create unique enterprises.&#13;
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                <text>Tappan Adney</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375">
                <text>Adney, Tappan. “The Klondike Gold Fields.” Collier’s Weekly: An Illustrated Journal of Art, &#13;
	Literature and Current Event 30 Dec. 1899: 6-7. Print.&#13;
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="376">
                <text>Collier's Weekly</text>
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                <text>December 30, 1899</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="378">
                <text>Gary Guy</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>Comfortable Corset </text>
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                <text>The item from The Ladies’ World titled “The Perfect Poise” is an advertisement about a corset from the brand Ferris Waist. The Ferris Waist corset enables a woman to ride either her bicycle, horse, or play a sport with “easy grace” because every muscle is “absolutely free”. The audience for this specific item is clearly women, but not necessarily from the upper class because the prices for these corsets range from 50 cents to $2.75. During this time there was a great distinction between the rich and poor, and I doubt that a woman from the upper-class would spend so little in a corset. This magazine depicts New York of the 1850’s because it serves as an example to demonstrate that magazines no longer aimed at the upper well-educated class and rather had shifted to a new type of audience. This new type of audience could afford magazines because it was cheaper to print paper. The creator of the item really wanted to sell the corset and was willing to say anything to increase profit. For example, it says that the corset is constructed with elastic sides which eliminates restriction and allows the woman to move freely. I am not sure to what extent this is true because the purpose of a corset is to have everything stay in place and not move. Also, these new magazines of 1850’s had an emphasis on the current time’s issues. For instance, the woman in the image is conveyed to be enjoying riding her bike around the city. She is not depicted in a house, but rather in the streets. This is a clear distinction between the private and public spheres. Also, this serves to demonstrate the immigration movement and how magazines informed immigrant women about certain expectations in fashion in order to adjust to the New York life-style. Thus, the woman in the picture could be understood as the ideal women in NYC in 1850’s. </text>
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                <text>Ferris Waist </text>
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                <text>The Perfect Poise.  Advertisement. The Ladies’ World. May, 1990. Print &#13;
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                <text>11/2/2015</text>
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                <text>Antonella Rozas</text>
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                <text>1900</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>Immigrants at Ellis Island in 1908</text>
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                <text>     This image of men, women, and children at Ellis Island in 1908 portrays the first-hand experience of newly arriving immigrants. Their clothing appears to be clean, in good condition, average, and not fancy. It seems the clothing is representative of lower to middle class people with the females wearing skirts and dresses and an occasional coat. The males are wearing knickers and slacks and some have coats. A few men and boys are wearing Cossak-style hats, woolen caps,snow hats, and a beret. The individuals are squished and huddled together, implying crowded conditions at the processing building. Some might be related because they have their arms on another. Many immigrants have somber and unhappy looks or blank stares on their faces, reflecting numbness, tiredness, discomfort, and bewilderment. Only a few have a slight smile or smirk. Their experience may have been filled with apprehensiveness and uncertainty for the future without family and friends, a job, and place to live in American along with the prospect of a new culture and language. Others may be joining newly Americanized family members and therefore, are nervous about rekindling these relationships.&#13;
     Yekl's/Jake's wife, Gitl, and son, Yossele, also arrived at Ellis Island and probably looked like the photo's immigrants. They were weary and uncertain about their future after not having seen Jake for three years. Jake saw them in the distance "and his heart sunk at the sight of his wife's uncouth and un-American appearance....slovenly dressed in a brown jacket and skirt of grotesque cut, and her hair was concealed under a voluminous wig of a pitch-black hue" (34). Gitl and Jake's embrace and kiss exhibited estrangement and repulsion on Jake's part from her steerage smell. Yossel, who was too young to remember his father from three years ago, kicked him. Gitl "was overcome with a feeling akin to awe. She, too, could not...realize this stylish young man--shaved and dressed...as some young nobleman--was...her own Yekl....and she was...mentally scanning the Yekl of three years before... and felt like crying to the image to come back" (36). The mutual discomfort after years of separation was natural and represents two distinct worlds. Gitl was full of the Russian culture, dress, and temperament and Jake was well along in the assimilation process with clothing, language, and culture. Obvious future conflicts were foreshadowed for the relationship because of the dichotomy of lifestyles and outlooks between the husband and wife.&#13;
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                <text>National Archives</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>"Ellis Island 1908." The Bowery Boys: New York City History. N.p. 31 July 2009. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.&#13;
http://www.boweryboyshistory.com/tag/ellis-island</text>
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                <text>1908</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Gary Guy</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>Federal Jewish Art Project </text>
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                <text>This was an image created by a Federally funded project to teach the Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe to speak English. This wave of Jewish Immigration took place from the 1880s to the 1920s. Many of the immigrants did not speak English, instead they spoke yiddish. This is part of the reason that many Jews were forced into the sweatshops and ghettos that are in "Yekl". This fits well with the theme of immigration the is in "Yekl"</text>
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                <text>The US Federal Government </text>
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                <text>"Sharing StoriesInspiring Change." Eastern European Immigrants in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/eastern-european-immigrants-in-united-states</text>
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                <text>Oct 28, 2015 </text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="357">
                <text>Tim Bontempi </text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>Our Lady of the Roses In NYC</text>
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                <text>Statue </text>
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                <text>Mary, mother of Jesus, is often seen with the image of roses. In NYC history, she is often pictured with roses and she is known as Our Lady of the Roses. She is often associated with the rosary which comes latin "Garland of Roses". Mary is also often associated with the color red. Both the image of roses and the color red are found at many places in "Maggie Girl of the Streets". Maggie's mother, Mary is the opposite of an embodiment of Mary. </text>
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                <text>Archdiocese of New York</text>
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                <text>"Bayside, Queens, New York " Our Lady of the Roses "" Bayside, Queens, New York " Our Lady of the Roses " N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.</text>
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                <text>Tim Bontempi </text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                <text>The Bowery</text>
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                <text>The Bowery &amp; Stephen Crane</text>
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                <text>In Chapter 1, Stephen Crane is setting the scene of the Bowery for the novel. He writes, “A very little boy stood upon a heap of gravel for the honor of Rum Alley”. The book opens up with this fight in the Bowery making the setting as realistic as possible. He goes on to describe these boys as blood-thirsty savages as they battle with rocks.  This is not a playground fight. These boys intend to do severe injury to one another. He depicts these children fighting for honor in the Bowery while there really is no. The Bowery is a busy very chaotic place, it is a place of violence where there is little respect for life. We learn that this is true through the entirety of the book. As the book unfolds, the boy, Jimmy is knocked around by his father who catches him fighting.  He is taken home where his drunken mother brutalizes him. The irony in the quote is that this violent boy would fight for honor in a place where there is none. We see through the picture below that the Bowery is indeed a very chaotic place during the 1890’s, there are cars, masses of people and also trains all running through the Bowery at any given point in the day.</text>
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                <text>http://eastvillage.thelocal.nytimes.com/2011/04/01/the-bowerys-bid-for-posterity/</text>
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                <text>The Local East Village</text>
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                <text>Edward Regler</text>
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              <text>http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/15/realestate/the-vanderbilts-and-their-battle-over-fifth-avenue.html?_r=2</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Fifth Avenue in the 1890's</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This picture shows the prominent and distinguishable mansions that covered 5th Avenue in the 1890’s. This photo specifically shows the glorious Vanderbilt mansions on Fifth Avenue. These mansions are symbols of prosperity as they are enormous and dominant. They also have very recognizable features, such as large windows, columns, yards, and even fences that can block out the rest of the world. The street of 5th Avenue also seem rather quiet. It is evident in this picture that 5th Avenue in the 1890’s was filled with wealthy people.  Mrs. Quentin in “Quicksand” lived on 5th Avenue and therefore can be associated with this stereotype. </text>
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                <text>The New York Times</text>
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                <text>"Fifth Avenue, with Vanderbilt Mansions, about 1890." The New York Times. New York Times Company, 12 June 2014. Web. 21 Oct. 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/15/realestate/the-vanderbilts-and-their-battle-over-fifth-avenue.html?_r=0 </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="333">
                <text>The New York Times Company&#13;
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/15/realestate/the-vanderbilts-and-their-battle-over-fifth-avenue.html?_r=0 </text>
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                <text>10/26/2015</text>
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                <text>Laura Watters</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>1890's</text>
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        <name>1890s</name>
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        <name>5th avenue</name>
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        <name>Wharton, Edith</name>
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        <src>http://www.loyolanotredamelib.org/en203/files/original/4e45726b1b233ffe9a57a2c35c787a3b.jpg</src>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>The Orphan Trains</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>	This image I have chosen shows boys ages 6-18 traveling on a train with their heads out the window. This train was known as the Orphan Train. In the 1850’s an estimated 30,000 children were homeless or neglected in New York City. The founder, Charles Loring Brace, of  “The Children’s Aid Society,” proposed the idea that these children be sent by train to live and work on farms out west while being housed for free. The founder believed by removing them from the street and placing them in a farm family would give them a better chance of escaping a lifetime of suffering. The Orphan Train Movement lasted from 1853 until the early 1900’s and more than 120,000 children were placed. </text>
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                <text>The Children's Aid Society</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/about/history/orphan-trains</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>October 22, 2015</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
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                <text>Erin Donlon</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>1853- early 1900's </text>
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        <name>1953</name>
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        <name>Orphan Trains</name>
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        <name>orphans</name>
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