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              <text>http://search.proquest.com/americanperiodicals/docview/124463444/3DEC589FA6DF4BABPQ/59?accountid=12164</text>
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                <text>Higher Educational Ideals in 1890's</text>
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                <text>Talks about the education that is most useful and beneficial. Determines college as being well worth the effort and then goes into determining the best course of study. Discounts the traditional subjects such as rhetoric, Latin, classics, ect. Settles on scientific study. "The method of discovering truth acquired from such study is applicable to all situations in life." "Of the principles of science and the method of scientific investigation we cannot well have too much." Should see college as a beginning to education not an end, else it is actually harmful to the potential of an individual.</text>
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                <text>Thomas J. Allen</text>
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                <text>Allen, Thomas J. "MODERN COLLEGE EDUCATION." The Arena 22.1 (1899): n. pag. 	American Periodicals 	Series Online [ProQuest]. Web. 5 Dec. 2015. </text>
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                <text>Dalton Spatz</text>
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                <text>Scientific American Ad, The American Missionary, 1878.</text>
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                <text>An advertisement, in The 	American Missionary, for Scientific American. "The whole presented in popular 	language, free from technical terms, and illustrated with engravings, and so arranged as to 	interest and inform all classes of readers, old and young." Shows spread of interest in 	science and technology.</text>
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                <text>Scientific American. American Missionary Aug. 1878: 255-56. Print.</text>
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                  <text>1850s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1850s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>A "hovel" of the 1900s</text>
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                <text>This home is considered to be a “hovel”.  It is the home to two African American families in Washington, D.C in 1935.  The home is very tiny, especially for two families living it in.  There is not much more to the house other than what is seen in the picture.  The only other room, other than maybe a bedroom, in the house in a bathroom that is not seen in the picture.  During this time period and up until the 1950’s, these homes were considered the slums. The majority of people who occupied these type of homes were African Americans and people who lived in poverty.  “Hovel” has a very negative connotation.  This home could be seen as a cute and homey house, but instead it is described as a hovel or a shack.  This shows the exploitation and harsh treatment that the African Americans and poor suffered as they were extremely looked down upon.  Wharton, in “The Old Maid” uses “hovel” to describe orphanages and to show that people also exploited orphans for their own benefit.</text>
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                <text>"Hovel home of two Negro families, Washington, D.C. Near ice chest is the privy, although unseen in this picture. A recent relief visit accounts for the food on the table." Library of Congress. USA Government, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2015</text>
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                <text>December 10, 2015</text>
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                <text>Laura Watters</text>
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                <text>1850</text>
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                  <text>1850s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1850s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>Orphanages in the late 1800's</text>
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                <text>This image is of the Protestant Orphan School in 1870, an orphanage created by a religious institution.  This orphanage is located in Australia but it resembles an orphanage in America during this time.  The Protestant Orphan School was originally only for females, but it merged with a Male Orphan School in the 1850’s.  In the 1850’s many renovations were made to the female orphan school, adding new dormitories and a new hospital building, to accommodate the 77 boys and 82 girls that lodged at the orphanage during this time.  The orphanage also planted many trees and plants in the 1850’s to provide the children with a more pleasurable and scenic stay, as shown in the picture.  Like many other orphanages during this time, The Protestant Orphan School provided an education system for its children.  Boy and girls were separated though into different classes covering different topics.  Before this time period, many orphanages only focused on schooling, rather than providing a home and family setting for the children, but the 1850’s started the trend, in both America and Australia, to merge these two ideas and provide both a living setting and good schooling system for the children.  </text>
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                <text>University of Western Sydney</text>
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                <text>"The Protestant Orphan School: 1850 to 1886." Western Sydney University. University of Western Sydney, 24 Aug. 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2015. </text>
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                <text>    &lt;http://www.uws.edu.au/femaleorphanschool/home/ &#13;
     the_protestant_orphan_school_1850_to_1886&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Laura Watters</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                <text>A Growler Gang in Session [the Montgomery Guards at West 37th Street Dock]</text>
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                <text>A group of gang members hanging out and drinking beer at the docks is depicted.  They are dressed in dirty clothes and a dog is with them.  This was typical behavior for a gang in Maggie’s neighborhood.</text>
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                <text>Jacob Riis</text>
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                <text>Riis, Jacob. &lt;em&gt;How the Other Half Lives&lt;/em&gt;. 1890. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1971. 179. Print.</text>
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                <text>Dover Publications, Inc.</text>
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                <text>December 9, 2015</text>
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                <text>Gary Guy</text>
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                <text>1880s-1890</text>
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                <text>Jacob Riis discussed the large number of saloons where there were 111 places of worship and 4,065 saloons below Fourteenth Street.  Patrons were interracial men and women.  Young boys frequented the saloons, picking up beer for their elders even though laws prohibited selling beer to children.  The saloons often were owned by local politicians and located in the tenement neighborhoods and even in the residents’ buildings.  This saloon atmosphere eventually became part of Maggie’s life with Pete.</text>
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                <text>Riis, Jacob. &lt;em&gt;How the Other Half Lives&lt;/em&gt;. 1890. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1971. 164-169. Print.</text>
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                <text>Gary Guy</text>
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                <text>Jacob Riis reported on his experience of accompanying the police on a raid of a beer dive.  He described the filthy dive of beer drinking men and women who scattered as the police entered, only to be captured and arrested.  This beer is often unlicensed and drugs are added to produce froth on it.  Many of the dives were known as two cent restaurants because they also served coffee and rolls for two cents.  Often each round of beer entitled the customer to sit or sleep all night so tramps were a common phenomenon in the dive.  This type of alcohol dominated atmosphere is what Maggie would have experienced which led to her desire to search for something more in life.</text>
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                <text>Riis, Jacob. &lt;em&gt;How the Other Half Lives&lt;/em&gt;. 1890. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1971. 60-67. Print.</text>
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                <text>In 1836, three Quakers, Anna and Hanna Shotwell and Mary Murray, founded the Colored Orphan Asylum to provide assistance to homeless black children in New York City. This was the first establishment made for homeless black children in America. It was a home to 400 children annually. The children learned skills that they could further use to find jobs when they left the orphanage. Between July 13th and July 16th, 1863 there were many civil war draft riots in NYC which was one of bloodiest and most violent insurrections in American history.   On July 13th, 1863 the building was ransacked and then burned to the ground by a group of men and women. All 233 children who were living there at the time survived. The association had to start from scratch because everything had been lost in the fire. At the time there was an estimated $80,000 worth of damage, which today is about $1,470,000. I thought it was interesting that the three white women who founded the association named it The Colored Orphan Asylum. The word asylum is associated with people who are mentally ill. They could have used the words orphanage, home, or shelter. The black children whom lived there weren't mentally ill like an asylum makes them out to be, they were abandoned and needed a place to live. </text>
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                <text>Unknown. Colored Orphan Asylum Exterior, circa 1860-1861 (PR 065, Stereograph File). 1860-1861. New York City. New York Historical Society. Web. 8 Dec. 2015.&#13;
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                <text>Erin Donlon</text>
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                <text>This advertisement was interesting due to it’s claims for free bicycle samples. Laid out just like a modern car ad, this bicycle ad tries to attract as many different customers as possible. It appeals to those who have more money and want the newest ’99 models, while also offering models from years past such as ’98 and ’97 models. They also offer a free bicycle to anyone who is willing to help market the company’s “superb” wheels. The ad also covers purchasing terms that are similar to a modern car purchase. No money was needed in advance and they were willing to ship the bicycles to anywhere. I found it interesting how the company was willing to take multiple approaches in an attempt to sell their product to any potential customer.</text>
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                <text>K. G. Mead Cycle Co.</text>
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                <text>"A Hundred Years of the American Navy" Collier's Weekly Journal of Art, Literature, and Current Events 24.14 (6 January 1900) Print.</text>
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                <text>Scott Nye</text>
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                <text>Easily Earned</text>
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                <text>This advertisement caught my attention with it’s claim. The title “Easily Earned” refers to the sofa that would be given to anyone who could sell 52 boxes of toilet soaps. The ad also talks about a catalog that could be sent as well. This ad seems very similar to a modern pyramid scheme to get people to sell an item with a reward if the sell enough of the item. Not only does this advertisement remind me of a pyramid scheme, it is one of the first advertisements pertaining to a mail order catalog. Companies such as Sears and Roebuck would soon be household names for consumer products, so it is neat to see this ad as a precursor to what would come later. </text>
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                <text>Bullock, Ward &amp; Co</text>
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                <text>"A Hundred Years of the American Navy" Collier's Weekly Journal of Art, Literature, and Current Events 24.14 (6 January 1900) Print.</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                <text>For my research paper I will be focusing on women's clothing in the 1850's and on and how it defined them.  Below are two pictures from a book I found in the library by Elisabeth McClellan titled "Historic Dress in America 1800-1870" and it goes into deep detail of the types of clothing that were popular for both men and women during this era.  The first image shows how the women dress from 1850 - 1860, and the second how they dressed from 1860 - 1870.  The first collection of illustrations shows the various features associated with a hoop shirt, such as the wire webbing underneath and all the intricate lace decorations.  During the 1850's women were just beginning to become more involved with society and they wanted to be defined by their dress.  They would try to look as elegant as they could by wearing these elaborate dresses to make them look beautiful.  Beauty at that time was defined by how big and decorated your dress was and how tight your waist was.  Beauty was a shape and what you looked like on the outside, rather than health and inner beauty.  As for the second set of illustrations, they focus more on the idea of the "New Woman."  In these pictures the women are featured in dresses that are looser and without the wire netting.  The picture in the middle is the most important because it is the "croquet costume," and an example of the dresses women would wear to the sporting events.  This type of dress was significant because it defined women as an active part of society and although the dresses were still elegant they allowed the women to do more.  Women still tried to look beautiful, but also embraced their new look that allowed them to take part more in societal activities, such as sports.  I thought this was significant because one can relate it to Henry James' "Washington Square."  These women expressed themselves through their dress, just as Catherine did with her lively dress.  Catherine was so dull in personality she tried to make up for it by showing off in her elegant dress, and it did work, but it attracted a man that only made her life more difficult.  </text>
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                <text>Elisabeth McClellan (author), Sophie B. Steel and Cecil W. Trout (illustrators) </text>
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                <text>McClellan, Elisabeth.  "Historic Dress in America." Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs &amp; Company, 1910.  Print.  </text>
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                <text>George W. Jacobs &amp; Company, 1910.</text>
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                <text>December 7, 2015</text>
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                <text>Taylor Caldwell</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>1850s -1870s</text>
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                <text>Dream A Little Dream Of Me</text>
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                <text>Louis Armstrong was an important figure in the development of jazz music. He influenced the jazz we know today as a pivotal trumpeter, singer and song writer. He was one of the first popular African-American entertainers. Starting with his trumpet playing, he soon branched out to singing. Along with his recognizable, raspy voice, he also helped popularize scat singing. Scat singing is a type of vocal improvisation in which the singer uses a variety of random melodies and vocables in place of instruments. In the early 1900s, Armstrong moved from Chicago to New York City. He performed at famous cabarets in Harlem, like the Cotton Club, as well as its rival, and was widely accepted by white society. His resonant, velvety tone influenced popular white singers of the era, like Bing Crosby. He sang positive, uplifting songs about love and life. His popular songs include, "What a Wonderful World," "Stardust," and "When The Saints Go Marching In." The link provided is an mp3 YouTube video of Louis Armstrong's "Dream a Little Dream of Me." The song highlights his influential trumpet playing and notable vocals. The lyrics also exemplify the romantic nature of his songs. </text>
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                <text>"Dream a Little Dream by Louis Armstrong." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2015.</text>
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                <text>Jessa Laspesa</text>
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        <name>jazz</name>
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        <name>Louis Armstrong</name>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1920s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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                <text>Lenox Avenue</text>
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                <text>This photo is an picture of Lenox Avenue in the 1920s.  Lenox Ave seems to be a predominately African American area and also very busy and bustling.  Lenox Ave is filled with identical buildings, all of which have the same height, same width, and same features.  Some of the buildings though seem to be shops while others may be apartment buildings.  Cordelia from “Cordelia the Crude” lived off of Lenox.  I imagine her to be walking with the narrator through the busy street of Lenox to a side street, where her tenement building is.  Wallace Thurman describes the tenement building in a very negative way and compares Lenox Avenue to Fifth Avenue.</text>
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                <text>Wordpress</text>
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                <text>Sarnak, Genna. "Where to Start." The Harlem Renaissance. Word Press, 8 Dec. 2012. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="649">
                <text>&lt;https://theharlemrenaissance.wordpress.com/2012/ &#13;
     12/08/wheretostart/&gt;. </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>December 3, 2015</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="651">
                <text>Laura Watters</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>1920</text>
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        <name>Harlem Renaissance</name>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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                <text>A Hundred Years of the United States Navy</text>
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                <text>I was drawn to the photos that went along with the article on the US Navy. The image is accompanied by an article talks about the technology that the United States had started to implement in their battleships. The article was written by “An Officer In The Service”, but it is clear that the writer has an in depth background in the history of the US Navy. I am not surprised that the writer chose to stay anonymous considering the numerous Pacific campaigns that were taking place. In the late 1890s and early 1900s, the US was actively involved in few different conflicts. The article that goes along with the image also seems to be hinting at the growth of the US as a major military power and that the US is starting to hold its own internationally. The civil war marked the first use of iron-armored ships in the US, and less that 40 years later, the US fleet is comprised of almost entirely steel ships. Rather than the ships of the past, these warships were built with the single purpose of engaging enemy targets. That combined with engines means that the speed of naval warfare has also significantly increased. As shown in the image, there is a stark contrast between the older ships on the left and the newer ones on the right. Not only is the Navy developing a larger fleet, but they are working to stay on the technical front of warfare. &#13;
</text>
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                <text>"A Hundred Years of the American Navy" Collier's Weekly Journal of Art, Literature, and Current Events 24.14 (6 January 1900) Print.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="644">
                <text>Scott Nye</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>1920s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1920s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Whites in the Cotton Club</text>
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                <text>"So thousands of whites came to Harlem night after night, thinking the Negroes loved to have them there, and firmly believing that al Harlemites left their houses at sundown to sing and dance in cabarets, because most of the whites saw nothing but the cabarets, not the houses." (Hughes, 1635)&#13;
&#13;
I believe that this image directly correlates with this quote because it shows a table of white men who look to be staring in awe in all different directions at things surrounding them. It also appears that the black man in this picture is the server. I found this image to be very interesting because the Cotton Club used to be a place where African Americans would go to sing and dance during the Harlem Renaissance. The Cotton Club quickly changed from hosting African Americans to whites because the whites of the time "enjoyed watching the shows that the blacks put on as if they were animals at a zoo", stated Hughes.</text>
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                <text>Lara Elmayan</text>
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                <text>Elmayan, Lara. "Vintage Photos: Inside the Cotton Club, One of NYC’s Leading Jazz Venues of the 1920s and ’30s." Untapped Cities RSS. N.p., 04 Aug. 2013. Web. 01 Dec. 2015. &lt;http://untappedcities.com/2013/08/04/vintage-photos-inside-the-cotton-club-one-of-nycs-leading-jazz-venues-of-the-1920s-and-30s/&gt;.&#13;
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                <text>Adam Monticollo</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="639">
                <text>1920s</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="86">
        <name>Cotton Club</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="87">
        <name>Harlem Renaissance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="95">
        <name>Hughes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="97">
        <name>jazz</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
