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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>"A Boychik Up-To-Date"</text>
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                <text>Jewish Immigration in America</text>
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                <text>When I came across this particular booklet of sheet music for the common day "boychik," I thought that this was the perfect example of Eastern Jewish immigrants attempting to merge into American culture.  The cover depicts a Jewish boy that is so Americanized that his apparent culture has gone unnoticed.  The boy is described as "a modern fellow, a wise boy, a bluffer. Girls, don't be deceived by him; take care, and beware." The booklet goes on to signify what immigrants may have aspired to be, which was to not be seen as every run-of-the-mill immigrant.  In this time period of 1904, these people wished to be seen with class and has made a success of their self in America.   The booklet's songs are primarily written in Yiddish and go on take critical observance of the boy as the American lifestyle has altered who he used to be.  I felt that there was a strong historical significance towards immigration of Eastern European Jews in America as compared the works of Abraham Cahan's "Yekl" that we had read earlier this semester.</text>
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                <text>David Meyrowitz and Louis Gilrod</text>
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                <text>David Meyrowitz (1867-1943) and Louis Gilrod (1879-1930) A Boychik Up-to-Date [An Up-to-Date Dandy]. New York: Theodore Lohr, n.d. Sheet music cover Hebraic Section, Library of Congress (78)&#13;
Heskes, Irene, Yiddish American Popular Songs, 1895-1950 (General)&#13;
&#13;
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/haventohome/haven-century.html#obj16</text>
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                <text>Library of Congress/Theodore Lohr Co., New York.</text>
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                <text>Evan Orfanos</text>
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                  <text>1850s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1850s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>"A New York Institution" July 24, 1858 Harper's Weekly</text>
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                <text>The article, “A New York Institution,” reveals a man named Dawson and his unlawful practices, trapping women inside his home for his pleasure while being in a state of great wealth and hedonism. The audience that this article refers to is probably the public of New York, with the writer (unnamed) showing the raw and real New York in their view – as a setting of crime and of the “vilest characters” (“A New York Institution” 466). Seeing the use of the word “vilest” reminded me of the work by George Foster titled “New York by Gas-Light.” Not only was New York a new city with many neat innovations; it also had the same petty crimes and unusual characters like in other cities. In both Foster’s work and “A New York Constitution,” there is a depiction of people who possess a more depraved sense of morals and show that in what they practice, such as prostitutes and sex slave holders. The character being described in the Harper’s Weekly article would be similar to Foster focusing on one drunk man or prostitute throughout “Gas-Light” rather than providing an entire landscape of New York late at night. The author of the article does this succinctly, knowing that the purpose of the magazine is for entertainment and leisure time, but also wanting to get their point across that a “vile” man has been arrested once again in New York City. The author could be saying that on the outside, New York City is desirable and has many opportunities for wealth, but behind closed doors, there are people that are depraved and void all morals, which could also be compared to Foster as well. Overall, the article is an exemplary piece of work that tells of the local news during the time and shows how authors are able to pull their views into it as a reflection of their feelings.</text>
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                <text>“A New York Constitution.” Harper’s Weekly: A Journal of Civilization 2.82 (1858); 466. Print.</text>
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                <text>Jonathan Lim</text>
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                <text>July 24, 1858</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>"Are Friends Clear of Materialism?"</text>
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                <text>Materialism and the Gilded Age</text>
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                <text>Mary A. Nichols provides her account on what is changing in the Gilded Age through the Friend's Intelligencer. She points out that the religious values people hold during the 1890s are weakening due to the increased materialism of churches and religion in general, but comes back to the fact that this need for people to display their religious values with material objects will be better for religion in the long run. She talks about how religious worship is more complicated during her time, with the material and ornate objects surrounding the church, but feels that people need these things to actually feel a connection with Christ. The article provides a unique insight into the GIlded Age and offers a different perspective from what we examined in class.</text>
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                <text>Mary A. Nichols</text>
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                <text>Nichols, Mary A. "Are Friends Clear of Materialism?" Friends' Intelligencer (1853-1910) Sep 24 1898: 680. ProQuest.Web. 30 Nov. 2015.</text>
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                <text>Sep 24, 1898</text>
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                <text>Jonathan Lim</text>
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        <name>Martin Dressler</name>
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                <text>"Atlantic Cable Celebration-Presentation to Cyrus W. Field in the Crystal Palace," Harper's Weekly, 1858</text>
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                <text>This illustration, featured in the September 11, 1858 issue of Harper's Weekly, depicts a large gathering of people celebrating the establishment of the Atlantic Cable. Cyrus W. Field, creator of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, successfully laid down the first telegraph line across the Atlantic Ocean, connecting Trinity Bay, Newfoundland and Valentia, Ireland. After the first successful message was transmitted from Queen Victoria to President Buchanan, New York City burst into celebration. This illustration depicts the overwhelming sense of pride and nationalism that Americans felt during this time. It also demonstrates the growth of New York City as it started developing into a major American city.</text>
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                <text>Art and Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. "Atlantic Cable Celebration -- Presentation To Cyrus W. Field In The Crystal Palace." The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1858. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-cca6-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99</text>
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                <text>September 16, 2015</text>
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                <text>Shannon Ferrara</text>
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                <text>The item I chose to be further analyzed in this issue was the illustration provided of “Brooke’s Deep Sea Sounding Instrument,” which was the device used on the cable of the Transatlantic Telegraph Cable in order to trade communication.  This was quite the complicated procedure to properly connect cables from the US to Ireland and Newfoundland. The American sailor, engineer and scientist known as John Mercer Brooke had created this invention for the sole purpose of making the Atlantic Telegraph Company possible on the orders of American businessman Cyrus Field.  The device he created was made in the form of a cannonball with a coated, hollow tube attached to the center.  This creation was meant to attach to a very long cable that would sink to the lower sea floor and feasible enough to transmit an electric current at the distance of 1,600 miles underwater.  He was even able to attach a “core-sampling device” which was meant to pick samples of material on the sea floor for various studies.  &#13;
Brooke’s principle reason for creating this invention supposedly stemmed from him and his colleagues not being able to find out where the bottom of the ocean floor began.  His invention ended up working perfectly for the circumstances since he was able to send the device at such a low level on the ocean floor that strong currents and storms could not affect the device from transmitting electricity.  Brooke and others organized a plan for this procedure by using four ships that would transport the cables to two locations and drop them into the ocean in both the US, Valentia, Ireland and Trinity Bay, Newfoundland.  These four ships used were named the Corgon, Niagard, Agamemnon and Valorous.  &#13;
The article provided a depiction of how the procedure occurred onto something that Brooke’s called the “telegraphic plateau.”  It displayed the ocean having an underwater mountain ridge where these ships aided the cable placement in both the US and Europe to ensure the electric current was functional.  It even described the later occurrence of the ship Agamemnon being broad sided by rogue waves while laying the cable and ultimately was destroyed due to a storm in the ocean.  The procedure was still completed and efficient nevertheless.</text>
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                <text>Harper's Weekly, Author Unknown</text>
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                <text>Harper's Weekly: A Journal of Civilization, Volume 2, No. 87 [CORRECT CITATION NEEDED]</text>
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                <text>Harper's Weekly</text>
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                <text>Evan Orfanos</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>"Cures Drunkenness Free" Collier’s Weekly. 23 Dec. 1899. </text>
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                <text>The item I chose is an advertisement that highlights a remedy used to cure alcoholism. Women are the main audience of the advertisement but are not the intended users of the drug. Instead, it is suggested that women sneak the drug into the drinks and food of the alcoholic they are trying to cure with their consent. The author of the advertisement and creator of the drug is a man named Dr. J. W. Haines, located in Cincinnati, who is happy to send you a trial package of the drug for no cost at all. Finding more information on Dr. J. W. Haines was a tough feat considering there are, surprisingly, many present-day doctors of the same name who are much more credible. However, I was able to find some interesting facts on the doctor (whether or not they are reliable is up to interpretation but I thought I would include them because they are funny nonetheless). Dr. Haines had far too long of a run and it wasn’t until 1917 that the American Medical Association decided that what he was advertising probably was not good. They denounced his remedy after further analysis found that the substance contained milk sugar, starch, capsicum and a tiny bit of ipecac. Ipecac is a drug used to induce vomiting. So, in theory, Dr. Haines was attempting to associate drinking alcohol with vomiting to, therefore, stop the bad habit. However, there was not enough ipecac in the substance to differentiate between the vomiting that regularly occurs when one has had too much to drink and the vomiting that the drug was supposed to induce. What I found most interesting about the advertisement was that it was not aimed at the alcoholics themselves, but rather their family members. The substance was completely odor-free and tasteless so anyone could sneak it into the drunkard’s coffee or tea without the user knowing. The advertisement specifically says, “The drunkard is reclaimed even against his will and without his knowledge or cooperation.” There is something about this line that makes my stomach lurch. It is well known today that you cannot just force any person to do something they do not want to do. Even in cases of rehab, unless it is court ordered, anybody can check themselves out if they so desire. This advertisement relates to the works we have read in class because it shows how alcoholism was a rising problem during the 1890s. As shown in Maggie: Girl of the Streets, alcoholism plagued and destroyed lives, especially in lower class areas. At the end of the advertisement it harshly says, “Everything needed to aid you in saving those near and dear to you from a life of degradation and ultimate poverty and disgrace.” Maggie’s family experienced poverty and violence because of her mother’s alcoholism.</text>
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                <text>Dr. J. W. Haines</text>
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                <text>“Cures Drunkenness Free.” Collier’s Weekly. 23 Dec. 1899: Page 19. Print.</text>
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                <text>Collier's Weekly</text>
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                <text>23 Dec. 1899</text>
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                <text>Jessa Laspesa</text>
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        <name>health</name>
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        <name>Maggie</name>
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        <name>Social Problems</name>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>"Give the Man a Chance," The Ladies' World, 1900.</text>
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                <text>This article, from the Household Topics section of the May 1900 issue of The Ladies' World, argues that the man of the household should contribute to making the house a happy home, as opposed to only expecting the wife to put on a happy face at all times of the day. This piece points out the one-sided standard that men are allowed to be grumpy, tired, and “cross as two sticks,” but wives are expected to constantly provide calmness, comfort, and gratification for the man's hard work, although they have been busy themselves with the children and the housework. "Give the Man a Chance" portrays the unfair standard for women, along with the heightened awareness of social issues during the 1890s.</text>
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                <text>Mary Sargent Hopkins</text>
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                <text>Hopkins, Mary Sargent. "Give the Man a Chance." The Ladies' World May 1990: 18. Print.</text>
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                <text>The Ladies' World 1990</text>
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                <text>November 2, 2015</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="418">
                <text>Shannon Ferrara</text>
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                <text>1890-1990</text>
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        <name>gender roles</name>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>"The Klondike Gold Fields" Collier's Weekly, December 1899</text>
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                <text>Canadian Gold Exploration</text>
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                <text>“The Klondike Gold Fields” by Tappan Adney presented information about gold exploration in the Yukon region of northwestern Canada near Alaska which appealed to national and international audiences.  Adney was a renowned author and illustrator of naturalist phenomenon, Native people’s culture, and outdoor events.  He reported that the initial 1882 discovery of surface gold was “as fine as cornmeal, and was secured from the bars, or low bands of the rivers, by means of a rocker—sort of box-like cradle, with perforated metal top and a blanket set inside at an angle” (Adney 6).  The fine gold was placed in a bucket with quicksilver and the produced amalgam was panned at the river’s edge to eliminate dirt and heated to remove quicksilver, “leaving a lump of fine gold” (Adney 6).  This procedure changed by 1886 with the discovery of coarse gold, leading to the abandoning of mining for fine gold in favor of using 12’x1’ sluice boxes over the ground to be worked.  The severe cold of the region made mining difficult and some miners burned the ground to thaw it enough for digging.  After this “drifting” process “the dirt obtained was hoisted out by . . . a crude log windlass” (Adney 7) and set aside until spring thawing.  The technical diction used would appeal to more scientific-minded audiences and serve an educational purpose for the less scientific and average reader.&#13;
	Adney offered a vibrant glimpse into the social life of the Klondike gold fields by using &#13;
plain and lively diction to attract the interest of the average reader.  According to Adney, the social life of the mining camp revolved around the saloon “where whiskey and cigars are sold at half a dollar each; but there [are] . . .  . elaborate gambling layouts, and perhaps a theater and dance hall” (Adney 7).  Plays were vaudeville with skits about local figures or events.  Admission to the gambling and theater areas of the building was the price of a drink or cigar and following the play was “the grand dance” (Adney 7) where “the dancers were the feminine contingent of the show” (Adney 7) who earned $150 per week plus a twenty-five cent commission for each dance they provided to a miner.  The hall “was filled with elbowing crowds of miners, brokers, officials of government, and every condition of man that composes a camp upward of twenty thousand souls” (Adney 7).  Clearly, the entrepreneurial spirit present in the mining endeavor resembled Martin Dressler’s drive to succeed and create unique enterprises.&#13;
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                <text>Tappan Adney</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375">
                <text>Adney, Tappan. “The Klondike Gold Fields.” Collier’s Weekly: An Illustrated Journal of Art, &#13;
	Literature and Current Event 30 Dec. 1899: 6-7. Print.&#13;
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                <text>December 30, 1899</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="378">
                <text>Gary Guy</text>
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                  <text>1850s</text>
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                <text>"The Telegraph Plateau" Harper's Weekly, August 1858</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>The Advance of Global Communication in the 1850s</text>
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                <text>“The Telegraph Plateau” by an unnamed Harper’s Weekly staff member presented a detailed description of the laying of the transatlantic telegraph cable.  James, John, Joseph, and Fletcher Harper were apprenticed at an early age to New York printers and were responsible for their assigned departments.  However, Joseph Wesley as chief editor and critic, possibly assigned this story.  It focused on the procedure with images of the cable, Brooke’s Deep Sea Sounding Instrument, ships laying the cable in the Atlantic Plateau, the ship, Agamemnon’s, dramatic effort to lay the cable during a storm, and New York’s fireworks celebration of the momentous event.  The article had New York, national, and international appeal because of the implications for the expansion of global communication during the 1850s.  It also reflected the outwardly-looking nature of some New Yorkers, like the Slopers in Washington Square, who found it normal to travel abroad.&#13;
  The article combined a layman’s explanation of the information through specific and plain diction and more scientific and technical information about the process for the more scientific-minded audience.  According to the author, “in the ocean depths there is an absolute absence of current or motion of any kind—so the wire . . . is in no danger of its destruction by abrasion or chafe against the bottom surface” (“Telegraph” 548).  Lieutenant Berryman of the U.S. steamer, Artic, obtained soundings, confirming that the soft mud bed contained “myriads upon myriads of minute shells, each separate and entire” (“Telegraph” 548), proving the lack of any destructive current.  This plain diction in layman’s terminology was directed at the general audience.  A highly technical and scientific description of how Brooke’s Deep Sea Instrument worked was presented, using technical, precise, and specific diction to explain the sounding procedure which would appeal to mainly a scientific-minded audience.  For example, “the staff armed . . . where there is a small cavity . . . with soap or tallow, to which armature a sample of the bottom clings” (“Telegraph” 548).  In an appeal to the wider general audience, vibrant imagery with dramatic and exciting diction concluded the article with the ship, Agamemnon, battling “a terrible storm” (“Telegraph” 549) while laying a cable.  As the wind “continued to blow hard, with frequent violent squalls, the sea running tremendously high . . . no one expected the cable to hold” (“Telegraph” 549-550), but the weather improved and the cable was successfully laid.&#13;
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                <text>“The Telegraph Plateau.” Harper’s Weekly: Journal of Civilization 28 Aug. 1858: 548-550. Print.&#13;
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                <text>Gary Guy</text>
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                <text>"Weekly Market Summary," Harper's Weekly, 1858</text>
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                <text>The Weekly Market Summary offers an insight of what life was like in the 1850’s. A weekly market summary outlines the important points on a marketing report so someone does not have to read through the whole plan to learn significant information. This summary is found in Harper’s Weekly A Journal of Civilization Volume II, No. 82 and was published on Saturday, July 24, 1854. This would have been readily available to anyone who could get his or her hands on an issue. However, this summary would be read more in a big industrial city. As New York was the biggest industrial city in the 1850’s it is safe to assume it was meant to be heard by this audience. Only those New Yorkers who kept up with the stock market would have paid attention to this section. Since this magazine is read in the city, it shows that a good amount of people within the city were interested in the economy. This section of the magazine helps provide historic background to Herny James’ Washington Square. This shows that New York was a city of constant growth in the 1850’s because its residents were interested in the news of the market. This is a key idea in the beginning of the novel; this growth in New York was the reason Dr. Sloper moved to Washington Square, the setting of the novel. This section of Harper’s Weekly also helped provide background information to later in the novel. This section says, “Cotton, Coffee, Sugars, Rice, Provisions Linseed oil and Tallow have been more sought after, generally at advancing rates”. This shows why Morris Townsend was able to give the excuse of leaving New York to go to New Orleans to get cotton. The growth of New York had a great influence on the actions of the characters in Washington Square.</text>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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                <text>"Weekly Market Summary," Harper's Weekly 24 Jul. 1858. [PAGE NUMBERS NEEDED] Print.</text>
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                <text>September 17, 2015</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="101">
                <text>Brandon Desintonio-Perez</text>
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                <text>July 24, 1858</text>
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                  <text>1850s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1850s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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                <text>Prices at the Washington Square Market in New York City</text>
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                <text>The article I chose depicts the “Weekly Market Summery” in New York. It describes the prices of many different types of commodities back in the 1850’s. It provides national and local trends of goods that many people bought each week. The audience of this article could be many different people. They could be people who are interested in financials or men/women looking for the best deals for food. The wasn’t much that I could figure out about the editor of this article. However, they were in New York City and had to have been present the Washington Market in New York. My research did lead me to find out that the Washington Market was one of the biggest agricultural markets in New York during the 1850’s. They were an ideal place to go grab meat, poultry, or dairy products. This article is very interesting to me because I love reading about finance and staying up to date with modern financial news. It is very different to see the prices of things back then compared to today. Also its crazy to see some of the food they ate and what they called it. Pigs used to be called swine and they also sold meat by the head for some animals and by the pound for others. This article depicts life in New York City and the country as a whole. It shows what products cost and what types of food they ate. American used to eat pigeons, fowls, geese, snipes, and plovers. To eat these foods in modern times would be considered odd. This article is also important because it shows the financials of New York and how they change over time. As an accounting major I see this type of language everyday. In the description before the actual prices the language they use to describe the markets is incredibly different then what we use today. This article shows how simple life was back then in New York City. This article also shows what type of financials New Yorkers cared about back then and when compared to today the only people who read about the meat demand are business men and women who are looking to buy large amounts of agricultural commodities or agricultural farmers who sell these type of goods. This article to me symbolizes life back in the 1850’s and the overall movement of our financial system. </text>
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                <text>Harper's Weekly &#13;
Author Unknown</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="108">
                <text>Harper's Weekly [CORRECT CITATION NEEDED]</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>November 20, 1858</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="110">
                <text>Ed Regler</text>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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                <text>"Why Don't Ye Shoot</text>
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                <text>	The item I chose is an etching that depicts a scene in which there seems to be a conflict between a man and a woman. The man is pointing a gun at the woman and she can be seen saying “Why Don’t Ye Shoot”. Louis Loeb, a famous American artist, etched this item. The audience of this etching seems to be the average everyday person. This scene seems to provide insight at what life could have been like in the 1890’s. This etching reminds me of how I imagined life to be like after reading Maggie; A Girl of the Street. The idea of confrontation was familiar in both works an example from Stephen Crane’s work is when Jimmie says “ When I catch dat Riley kid I’ll break ‘is face”(Crane pg.9). This kind of violent thinking is seen in the etching when the woman says, “ Why don’t ye shoot” when a gun is pointed in her face (Century, pg. 168). Another connection that led me to see a similarity between Maggie: A girl of the Streets and this etching is in the way the people seem to talk. It seems as though it comes from instinct instead of being well thought out. I also feel as though this etching shows how people of the 1890’s think. It brings the idea of naturalism in works we have read this semester. In works with naturalism people were pessimistic and reacted to the environment more than planning ahead and thinking things through. Characters in these types of works were also characterized as animalistic. In Crane’s work this is depicted by infants who “played or fought with other infants or sat stupidly in the way of vehicles”( Crane pg.7). In this work the infants are being depicted as animals probably a stay cat. In the etching I chose I see the people as having animalistic qualities as well. For example the women seems to be the “alpha male” and the other two men are cowering in fear, this depiction makes me think of the typical actions of a dog.</text>
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                <text>The Century- Louis Loeb</text>
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                <text>Loeb, Louis. "Why Don't Ye Shoot." The Century XLVII (June 1894): 168. Print.</text>
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                <text>The Century </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>November 3, 2015</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="508">
                <text>Brandon Desintonio-Perez</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>1890's</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>1850s</text>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1850s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>Article</text>
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                <text>“Marriage.” Harper’s Weekly, 1858</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Marriage</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This item is an article on marriage. The article is clearly directed at men, and does not discriminate by age, race, or economical background. It encourages a man to get married because it will make his life better. The item, although there is no author, provides examples for all of the ways a man’s life will improve with a wife. The tone of the item is similar to that of an advertisement, as if it is selling marriage and then goes on to give all the reasons as to why a man should buy it. Towards the end it reads, “Gentlemen, get a wife – a pretty one, if you like them best; a good one, when she is to be found; and a rich one, if you can get her pretty and good.” This line degrades women so much so, that it depicts them as something to be bought. It also shows that the only characteristics women have are pretty, good, or rich and then a man may go out a pick the one he prefers the most. What makes this item interesting is how it portrays marriage during the time period. According to the article, the decision to get married lay completely with the man. In New York in the 1850’s, women were treated as inferior to men. According to Laura Donnaway in her online article titled, “Women’s Rights before the Civil War,” women and men were in completely different societal spheres. Donnaway states, “The ideal woman was submissive; her job was to be a meek, obedient, loving wife who was totally subservient to the men around her.” The item from Harper’s Weekly says something similar about the roles of women in marriage, “She nurses while sick, she watches for him in health.” This line also shows how women were expected to work completely for the household and take care of their husbands. In 1860, two years after the release of this article, New York passed the first comprehensive reform in women’s legal status, which gave them full property, parental, and widow’s rights. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Unknown</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="75">
                <text>“Marriage.” Harper’s Weekly 16 Jan. 1858: page 44. Print.</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Harper's Weekly </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="77">
                <text>September 16, 2015</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78">
                <text>Jessa Laspesa</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>January 16, 1858</text>
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      <tag tagId="20">
        <name>Anti-Feminism</name>
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        <name>Harper's Weekly</name>
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        <name>Marriage</name>
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      <tag tagId="22">
        <name>Men</name>
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      <tag tagId="23">
        <name>Washington Square</name>
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      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>Women's Rights</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="4">
                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>“Tibbetts’ Hydroidic Obesity Pills ad, The Ladies’ World (Vol. 13, No. 8), 1892." </text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="511">
                <text>The item I choose is an advertisement for diet pills for women called “Tibbetts’ Hydroidic Obesity Pills.” There is a picture of a women that says, “as I was” and then a picture of a women saying “as I am.” These two images are trying to show the audience the transformation one can have when they use this diet pill. The audience for this specific item is obese women. The slogan for the diet pill is, “The only known remedy for obesity.” The advertisement gives information about pricing, how much weight can be lost, and the address of the chemist whom makes the pill. I am not sure if the creator of the pill is the same person whom created the advertisement. At the bottom of the advertisement it states, “ George Burwell, Chemist, 176 Boylston St., Boston.” It is not specific if he is the also the person who created this advertisement. This item was interesting to me because I was shocked when I saw it. In today’s society there are advertisements all over for diet pills and “tricks” to losing weight but I was unaware this was happening then. The advertisement in a way reminds me of Catharine from Washington Square. Even though she is not described as obese in anyway, her father is always criticizing her for the way she looks and acts. It is a similar idea of how society harps so much on physical appearance and people are often trying to change how they look. </text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="512">
                <text>Unknown. “ Are You too Fat?” August, 1892. The Ladies’ World. Vol. 13. -No. 8, Boston. Page 14. </text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513">
                <text>The Ladies’ World. Vol. 13. -No. 8. August, 1892. </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="514">
                <text>November 3, 2015</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515">
                <text>Erin Donlon</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516">
                <text>Unknown </text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="4">
                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="544">
              <text>Photo</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>1890 Irish Slums</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="536">
                <text>Maggie: A Girl of the Streets by Stephen Crane</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537">
                <text>"Eventually they entered into a dark region where, from a careening building, a dozen gruesome doorways gave up loads of babies to the street and the gutter." (6, Crane)&#13;
&#13;
This particular quote is almost an exact description of the image I have found. During Crane's description of the  dismal setting of the impoverished area of New York, he really brings out naturalism here. The setting in this sentence is written as though it is the subject, which really adds to the effect that Crane is trying to convey to the reader. This quote is also very interesting because it is a clear example of how people, or "babies" in this specific quote, were "responding to the stimuli" of the environment of the time. Crane describes it in this way to really bring out the idea that the people in these poor areas had no power or control over their environment because it had sucked the life out of them. It is almost ironic how this quote gives nonliving objects humanlike characteristics and vice versa. The use of phrases like “careening building” and “a dozen gruesome doorways gave up loads of babies” really depicts Crane’s view of naturalism in that the environment determines the individual.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538">
                <text>Jacob Riis (How the Other Half Lived)</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="539">
                <text>Roberts, Hannah. "The Slumdogs of New York: Remarkable Images Open a Window into the Squalor and Deprivation Endured by Immigrant Families in an Unrecognisable 19th Century America." Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. &lt;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2089243/Slumdogs-New-York-The-remarkable-images-capturing-immigrant-families-unrecognisable-19th-century-New-York.html&gt;</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="540">
                <text>Daily Mail</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="541">
                <text>10/28/15</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="542">
                <text>Adam Monticollo</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>1890s</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="11">
      <name>Hyperlink</name>
      <description>A link, or reference, to another resource on the Internet.</description>
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        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="793">
              <text>http://search.proquest.com/americanperiodicals/docview/124717854/pageviewPDF/A87983FA6CA64CFFPQ/5?accountid=12164</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>1900 Paris World's fair</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="789">
                <text>An article from the cosmopolitan from 1900 on the world's fair in Paris. The world's fairs take place at non-regular intervals, but when they do take place they showcase all of the latest 	technologies and serve to show the progress since the previous fair. This article shows the optimism of people moving into the twentieth century.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="790">
                <text>Charles A. Towne</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="791">
                <text>Towne, Charles A. "PLANS FOR THE PARIS WORLD'S FAIR." Cosmopolitan Dec. 1899: 	149. American Periodicals Series Online [ProQuest]. Web. 5 Dec. 2015. </text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="792">
                <text>Dalton Spatz</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>1890s</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="4">
                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1890s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
                </elementText>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="675">
                <text>5000 Bicycles</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="676">
                <text>This advertisement was interesting due to it’s claims for free bicycle samples. Laid out just like a modern car ad, this bicycle ad tries to attract as many different customers as possible. It appeals to those who have more money and want the newest ’99 models, while also offering models from years past such as ’98 and ’97 models. They also offer a free bicycle to anyone who is willing to help market the company’s “superb” wheels. The ad also covers purchasing terms that are similar to a modern car purchase. No money was needed in advance and they were willing to ship the bicycles to anywhere. I found it interesting how the company was willing to take multiple approaches in an attempt to sell their product to any potential customer.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="677">
                <text>K. G. Mead Cycle Co.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="678">
                <text>"A Hundred Years of the American Navy" Collier's Weekly Journal of Art, Literature, and Current Events 24.14 (6 January 1900) Print.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="679">
                <text>Collier's Weekly Journal of Art, Literature, and Current Events</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="680">
                <text>January 6 1900</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="681">
                <text>Scott Nye</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="682">
                <text>Still Image</text>
              </elementText>
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        <name>1890s</name>
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        <name>Advertisement</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>1850s</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Sources and resources pertaining to the 1850s and literary works concerning this period.</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>A "hovel" of the 1900s</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="771">
                <text>This home is considered to be a “hovel”.  It is the home to two African American families in Washington, D.C in 1935.  The home is very tiny, especially for two families living it in.  There is not much more to the house other than what is seen in the picture.  The only other room, other than maybe a bedroom, in the house in a bathroom that is not seen in the picture.  During this time period and up until the 1950’s, these homes were considered the slums. The majority of people who occupied these type of homes were African Americans and people who lived in poverty.  “Hovel” has a very negative connotation.  This home could be seen as a cute and homey house, but instead it is described as a hovel or a shack.  This shows the exploitation and harsh treatment that the African Americans and poor suffered as they were extremely looked down upon.  Wharton, in “The Old Maid” uses “hovel” to describe orphanages and to show that people also exploited orphans for their own benefit.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="772">
                <text>US Library of Congress</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="773">
                <text>"Hovel home of two Negro families, Washington, D.C. Near ice chest is the privy, although unseen in this picture. A recent relief visit accounts for the food on the table." Library of Congress. USA Government, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2015</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="774">
                <text>https://www.loc.gov/item/fsa1997000366/PP/#about-this-item</text>
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